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Friedman 50 Years Later

Friedman 50 Years Later

Corporations Are Governance Mechanisms, Not Shareholder Toys

Margaret Blair
Milton Friedman’s shareholder credo is simple and catchy but has shaky foundations. Corporate directors and officers are not agents of shareholders and...
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Friedman 50 Years Later

Beyond Friedman’s Doctrine: The True Purpose of the Business Corporation

Martin Lipton
The pandemic and the renewed focus on inequality and injustice arising in the wake of the death of George Floyd have accelerated...
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Friedman 50 Years Later

Market Forces Already Address ESG Issues and the Issues Raised by Stakeholder Capitalism

Eugene F. Fama
When do market forces push firms toward stakeholder goals, rather than just shareholder goals? When do market forces push firms toward ESG...
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Friedman 50 Years Later

Missing in Today’s Shareholder Value Maximization Credo: The Shareholders

Luca Enriques
Today’s corporate world is very different from the one Milton Friedman wrote in. In a world where the question of whether managers...
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Friedman 50 Years Later

Which Problems Should Companies Try to Solve?

Sanjai Bhagat, R. Glenn Hubbard
It is true that capitalism needs to be inclusive in its benefits, but 50 years on, Friedman’s shareholder primacy remains the right...
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Friedman 50 Years Later

“50 Years Later, It’s Time to Reassess”: Raghuram Rajan on Milton Friedman and Maximizing Shareholder Value

Raghuram Rajan
The biggest problem with shareholder value maximization is that it completely turns a tin ear to politics. The alternative is to maximize...
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Friedman 50 Years Later

It Is Time to Move on From Friedman’s View of the Corporation

Stefano Zamagni
The anti-CSR position defended by Friedman would be acceptable only under conditions that have never been met by any real-world economy. Furthermore,...
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Friedman 50 Years Later

Corporations Are Already Plenty Powerful. Stakeholder Capitalism Could Make Them More So

Karthik Ramanna
Encouraging corporations to further step into the role of governments and civil society groups by becoming more "socially focused" risks greater depreciation...
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Friedman 50 Years Later

The Real Effects of Environmental Activist Investing

S. Lakshmi Naaraayanan, Kunal Sachdeva, Varun Sharma
A new study examines the efficacy of climate-focused investor engagements initiated by the New York City Pension System. Its findings support the...
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Friedman 50 Years Later

For Whom Corporate Leaders Bargained: What the Past Can Teach Us About the Questionable Promise of Implementing Stakeholder Capitalism Today

Lucian Bebchuk, Kobi Kastiel, Roberto Tallarita
The debate about stakeholder capitalism should seek to learn from our experience with constituency statutes, which authorized corporate leaders to take into...
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Antitrust and Competition

“An Offer We Can’t Refuse”: How We Gave Away Our Data and Made Big Tech What It Is Today

Tommaso Valletti
WhatsApp’s new terms of service should come as no surprise. For years, Big Tech has been offering its users these “take it...
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Antitrust and Competition

Paul Romer: “If You Think Moderation is Censorship, You’ve Got a Competition Problem”

Jana Kasperkevic
During a Stigler Center keynote webinar, Nobel laureate Paul Romer discussed concentration problems in the US and possible solutions, including a “pigouvian”...
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Digital Platforms

The “Next Frontier of Propaganda”: Micro-Influencers are Paid to Spread Political Messages, Disinformation

Jana Kasperkevic
Online influencers aren’t in the business of promoting just products anymore. New research finds that micro-influencers are increasingly used to spread political...
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Antitrust and Competition

Digital Markets Act: Policy Choices and Conditions for Success

Alexandre de Streel
Last month, the European Commission introduced an ambitious new set of rules for digital platforms, the Digital Markets Act. Here is what...
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Antitrust and Competition

The Silent Coup

Luigi Zingales
President Donald Trump's seditious actions are exposing the political power that Twitter, Amazon, Google, Apple, and Facebook enjoy. Banning him from their...
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Antitrust and Competition

How Will the Digital Markets Act Regulate Big Tech?

Cristina Caffarra, Fiona Scott Morton
While the recently introduced Digital Markets Act rules might change prior to final approval, there is a lot to consider already. What...
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Coronavirus

Covid-19 Aggravates Existing Income, Gender, and Race Inequalities, and Further Increases Political Divisions

Marianne Bertrand, Guglielmo Briscese, Maddalena Grignani, Salma Nassar
Seventy percent of Americans know someone who tested positive; one in five know someone who died from coronavirus, survey shows.
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